 ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS
High Blood Pressure and Diabetes
Hypertension is more commonly prevalent in a diabetic than in a non diabetic.
It is present in more than 50% of patients with NIDDM and may or may not be accompanied by renal damage. It is major risk factor for the development of macro/micro vascular disease in diabetics.
Although increased cardiovascular risk has been demonstrated in adult diabetic subject with pressure slightly greater than 130/80 mm Hg, the decision to treat mildly elevated levels of blood pressure must rest on clinical grounds in each individual.
Isolated systolic hypertension is more common in a diabetic than in a non diabetic and is a risk factor for macrovascular disease, but treatment should be individualised.
In diabetics, the high blood pressure may be due to secondary causes which must be carefully considered and ruled out.
- What is optimal blood pressure?
- Management Strategies
- Lifestyle management
- Drug treatment: special aspects for use in diabetes
- Regimen of choice
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Lipid Disorders
Dyslipidemias contribute significantly towards the premature and accelerated atherosclerosis seen in diabetics, and should be corrected more aggressively than in a non diabetic.
- Commonly seen dyslipidemias in diabetes
- Targets levels for optimal control
- The importance of good glycemic control
- Diet and lifestyle modifications
- Commonly used drugs in diabetic dyslipidemias: an overview
- Drugs of choice
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Sexual Dysfunction in Diabetes
Sexual dysfunction is fairly common in long standing diabetes. More than 60% of men with diabetes of fairly long standing have erectile problems. Unfortunately, this is a complication which is seldom given due recognition, which is unfortunate, as today, there are excellent means of successfully managing such a complications.
The whole area of sexual dysfunction in women with diabetes is still a grey area which is now getting increasing attention.
Erectile impotency in males
- Is it really impotency?
- Causes of impotency
- Drugs which can cause erectile dysfunction
- Assessment
- Laboratory tests
- NPT and Rigidity testing
- Intracavernosal pharmacolgical tests
- Vascular tests
Treatment :
- General Considerations
- Psychosexual therapy
- Oral drug therapy
- Vacuum devices
- CUMRI
- Intraurethral topical medications
- Vascular Surgery
- Penile prosthesis
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Sexual dysfunction in females
OBESITY
Obesity is fast becoming a major problem in its own right. Not only is it associated with significant morbidity of its own, but reports have linked obesity itself to early death. Moreover, obesity is an important co-morbid factor in many serious disorders such as diabetes, high blood pressure, arthritis, atherosclerosis, etc.
How is Obesity judged?
- Body Mass Index (BMI)
- Waist - Hip Ratio (WHR)
- General causes of obesity
- Hormonal causes of obesity
- Drugs which can lead to obesity
- Is weight loss always beneficial?
Management
- General Considerations
- Diet
- Exercise
- Psychological therapy
- Drug Therapy
- Surgical Therapy
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